Managing Diabetes: What You Can Do to Stay in Control of Your Health

A new year is under way, and if you’re among the 28.7 million people in the U.S. diagnosed with diabetes, now is a good time to assess your plan for managing the disease.

Diabetes is a chronic condition in which the body doesn’t make enough insulin (Type 1) or cannot use it properly (Type 2).

Insulin helps to regulate blood glucose/sugar levels by allowing the body’s cells to use it as energy. When there is insufficient insulin in the body or cells stop responding to insulin, too much blood sugar remains in the bloodstream.

Risks from diabetes

High blood sugar can lead to high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and high triglycerides; over time, these can cause serious health problems including heart and kidney disease, stroke, and non-traumatic amputations of the legs and feet.

Uncontrolled diabetes is the leading cause of blindness in adults, end stage renal disease, erectile dysfunction, and poor wound healing.

Diabetes is also associated with an increased risk of certain kinds of cancers, including liver, pancreatic, uterine, colon, and breast cancer.

Your diabetes care team

These risks highlight why it’s so important for people with diabetes to work closely with their health care providers to establish and maintain a self-care plan to manage the condition.  

In addition to a primary care physician, a diabetes patient’s health care team may include an endocrinologist, a registered dietitian, a certified diabetes care and education specialist, a counselor, an eye doctor, a dentist, a pharmacist, and a podiatrist.

The A-B-Cs of diabetes management

Diabetes is best managed through medications (insulin), eating healthy, getting regular exercise, checking and recording blood sugar levels at home, and managing stress.

Part of diabetes management also includes tracking your “A-B-Cs,” which stands for A1c, blood pressure, and cholesterol:

• A1c: Routine blood work, called A1c, should be done several times a year. The A1c numbers help health care providers determine diabetes treatment. An A1c level of greater than 9.0 (an average blood sugar of 212) is considered uncontrolled diabetes. Maintaining an A1c of less than 7.0 (an average blood sugar of 150) is the goal for controlled diabetes.
• Blood pressure: Control your blood pressure by keeping it below 140/90 mm HG (or a target your doctor sets).
• Cholesterol: Keep your cholesterol in a healthy range by eating more unsaturated fats like fish, nuts, avocados and olive oil, eating fewer saturated fats found in fried and processed foods, and reducing your alcohol intake.

Additional steps to take

In addition to monitoring your A-B-Cs, regular diabetes management should include:

• Annual eye exam: Because diabetes puts people at risk of sight-threatening eye disease, including diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, cataracts and glaucoma, individuals with diabetes should have a comprehensive dilated eye exam at least once per year.
• Regular foot exams: Conduct weekly self-exams at home and schedule an annual visit with a podiatrist as well 
• Two visits with your primary care physician
• Keeping up with any recommended vaccinations

The benefits of diabetes management

Well-planned diabetes management pays off by helping reduce the risk of serious health complications from the disease. 

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), research shows that people with diabetes who:

• Manage their blood sugar can reduce the risk of eye, kidney, and nerve disease by 40%.
• Manage their blood pressure can reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke by 33-50% and decline in kidney function by 30-70%.
• Manage their cholesterol can reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications by 20-50%.
• Have regular eye exams and timely treatment can prevent up to 90% of diabetes-related blindness.
• Have regular foot exams and patient education can prevent up to 85% of diabetes-related amputations.

Diabetes care at South Shore Medical Center

South Shore Medical Center’s diabetes specialists in endocrinology, diabetes education, nutrition, and podiatry, along with your primary care provider, work together to create a care plan and explain how medications, dietary guidelines, and self-management practices can help you manage the disease and stay in control of your health.  

Accredited by the American Association of Diabetes Educators for nearly a decade, South Shore Medical Center’s Diabetes Education Program offers classes focused on nutrition, medications, monitoring blood sugar, and reducing the risks of diabetes for all patients with new or existing Type 2 diabetes.

A Prediabetes Group holds a monthly workshop monthly for patients with elevated blood sugar and at risk of developing diabetes.

Learn more about Diabetes Care at South Shore Health or register for South Shore Health’s Diabetes Education Classes.